Daredevil: Evènements marquants des années 30
(en englais uniquement)- 1930
- 1931
- 1932
- 1933
- 1934
- 1935
- 1936
- 1937
- 1938
- 1939
1930
Supreme Court Justice Joseph Crater mysteriously disappeared.
318 prisoners died in a fire at the Ohio State Penitentiary.
The Veterans Administration was created.
The American Lutheran Church was founded.
The Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona confirmed the previously-theorized existence of Pluto.
Sinclair Lewis became the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature.
A large meteor rumbled across the skies of the southern states and crashed near Paragould, Arkansas.
Radio brought the funeral procession of former president Taft into the homes of America. With radio, Americans were able to hear the voice of aviator Amelia Earhart . CBS and NBC began regular live classical music radio broadcasts.
Experimental daily televison broadcasts were conducted by Boston radio station WEEI.
1931
Radio-astronomy was born when a technician at Bell Laboratories detected radio emissions from the Milky Way.
The Ford Motor Company turned out its 20,000,000th car.
The total of American banks that had failed since the stock market crash of '29 approached 2,500 and 5,000,000 were unemployed.
Chicago gangster Al Capone was convicted of tax evasion and sentenced to 11 years. Mob kingpin Legs Diamond was shot to death in Albany, New York.
The Star-Spangled Banner was chosen over America The Beautiful as the U.S. national anthem.
Eugene O'Neill's 6-hour trilogy, Mourning Becomes Electra, opened in New York.
1932
On the 200th anniversary of George Washington's birth, his portrait debuted on the U.S. quarter-dollar coin.
Although she'd already flown across the Atlantic with a team, Amelia Earhart made the first female transatlantic solo flight from Newfoundland to Ireland in 13 hours, 32 minutes.
The baby of aviator Charles Lindbergh and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh was kidnaped and held for ransom. Despite paying a $50,000 ransom, Charles, Junior was found dead from exposure and starvation in a grassy area 5 miles from the Lindbergh's home. Illegal German immigrant and ex-convict bruno Hauptmann was arrested when he was found to be in possession of the remainder of the marked ransom money. Hauptmann was later convicted and executed.
As the unemployed reached 13,000,000, Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected in a landslide over incumbent Herbert Hoover.
Columnist Walter Winchell began regular news and commentary radio broadcasts. Vaudevillians Jack Benny and Burns & Allen began their long-running radio shows.
The depression spawned the hit songs In A Shanty In Old Shanty Town and brother, Can You Spare Me A Dime?
When Radio City Music Hall opened at Christmas-time, it was the largest indoor theater in the world.
1933
Former president Calvin Coolidge died January 5th.
Bank holidays were created to prevent withdrawal runs on banks due to the depression.
The U.S. officially recognized the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The prohibition of alcohol was repealed.
Rear Admiral W.A. Moffett and 72 others perished when the dirigible Akion was downed by a storm off the New Jersey coast.
Facing the worst depression in U.S. history, Franklin Roosevelt declared in his inaugural address that "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
Katherine Hepburn starred in Little Women and Mae West in She Done Him Wrong, the year's two most popular films.
1934
The Warm Springs Foundation - which later evolved into the March Of Dimes - was founded.
134 people died when the cruise ship Morro Castle burned off Asbury Park, New Jersey, upon its return from Havana, Cuba.
Federal agents shot and killed mobster John Dillinger and members of his gang as they left a Chicago movie theater. Dillinger had been dubbed "public enemy #1."
The American Federation of Labor launched a boycott of German imports to protest the rise to Der Führer of Nazi Adolph Hitler.
Midwest crops were devastated by record cold weather in February and record heat during the summer.
The Communications Act of 1934 established the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to regulate all communications, from telephone and telegraph to radio and wireless communications.
The Three Stooges split from Ted Healy and began a long & prolific series of short subjects for Columbia Pictures.
Hit tunes included Cocktails For Two and On The Good Ship Lollipop.
1935
Less than two years after the end of Prohibition, the first chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous was organized in New York City.
Influential Senator Huey Long was assassinated in the Louisiana State House in Baton Rouge. The shooter, Dr. Carl Weiss, Jr., was shot and killed by Long's bodyguards.
President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act.
Billy Costello, the voice of Popeye in the animated shorts, enjoyed a hit with the phonograph recording of the cartoon's theme song, I'm Popeye The Sailor Man .
Humphrey Bogart starred in the broadway production of Robert E. Sherwood's The Petrified Forest. George Gershwin's musical version of Porgy & Bess started a 16-week run in New York, and gave birth to the phonograph hits Bess, You Is My Woman and Summertime (And The Livin' Is Easy).
1936
Suffrage pioneer Susan B. Anthony's portrait was featured on the 3¢ U.S. stamp.
Cleveland, Ohio celebrated its centennial.
The Boulder Dam was completed. It would later be renamed for Herbert Hoover.
Franklin D. Roosevelt was re-elected in a landslide over Republican Alfred Landon.
Bruno Hauptmann, who had been convicted of kidnaping and killing the 19-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh, was executed. Meanwhile, Lindbergh, now a colonel, warned that the Nazis were developing powerful air war machinery.
Life Magazine was founded in New York City.
Auto makers found radio to be a very effective advertising medium, with Chevrolet, Ford, Buick, and Dodge sponsoring major network programs.
Composer Arturo Toscanini became the conductor of the NBC Symphony Orchestra.
1937
The Golden Gate bridge was completed.
Aviator Amelia Earhart and copilot Fred Noonan disappeared while attempting to fly around the world. At about the time they were reported missing in the mid-Pacific, a plaque that had been dedicated to Earhart at the Honolulu airport broke free from its concrete base and fell on its face.
36 died when the transatlantic dirigible Hindenburg exploded into flames as it approached its mooring mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey. Radio commentator Herb Morrison was later fired for being too emotional when he reported the catastrophe . The accident marked the end of zeppelin transport.
300 persons drowned in severe flooding along the Allegheny, Ohio and Mississippi river basins.
The Yankees' Joe DiMaggio became a superstar when he hit .347.
Benny Goodman was labeled "the king of swing" as his "boogie woogie big band sound" became the rage among teenagers.
Popular songs included Whistle While You Work (from Disney's Snow White & The Seven Dwarfs), Nice Work If You Can Get It, Bei Mir Bist Du Schön, and September In The Rain.
1938
Thomas Jefferson's portrait was placed on the U.S. 5¢ coin.
Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld published The Evolution Of Physics.
A federal minimum wage of 25¢ per hour was established.
Howard Hughes flew around the world in 91 hours. Douglas Corrigan was dubbed "Wrong Way Corrigan" for flying from New York to Ireland after claiming he was headed for California. It was later discovered that Corrigan was intentionally flying across the Atlantic, but did not have a permit nor passport.
460 died when a hurricane tore through New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. 200 perished in mud slides in southern California.
Pearl S. Buck won the Pulitzer Prize for literature for The Good Earth.
Relations with Nazi Germany became tense when word reached the oval office that Jews were being persecuted.
The introduction of the self-propelled combine would help revolutionize the farm industry.
Widespread panic and a handful of suicides took place when CBS broadcast Orson Welles' production of War Of The Worlds . The broadcast was staged as a music program interrupted by bulletins about a Martian invasion and takeover of the Earth.
Popular songs included Chiquita Banana, You Must Have Been A Beautiful Baby, and My Heart Belongs To Daddy.
1939
England and France declared war on Germany. The Germans invaded Poland. The Russians - who had signed a non-hostility pact with Germany - invaded Finland. President Roosevelt and congress convened to discuss measures for the U.S. to stay neutral.
Despite the impending war in Europe, World Fairs in San Francisco and New York had upbeat themes, giving visitors glimpses of new inventions that would have impacts in the future, such as touch-tone telephone dialing and television.
Nylon stockings were introduced.
The first transatlantic passenger plane service began between Long Island and Lisbon.
Edwin Armstrong conducted preliminary tests of a new type of audio radio signal called Frequency Modulation, or FM.
Continuing daytime dramas became popular on radio. They were called "soap operas" because of the placement of sponsor's commercials within the storylines.